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Crop Sustainability and Intellectual Property Rights
This new book merges the concepts of traditional agriculture, crop sustainability, and intellectualproperty rights associated with plant protection and agricultural products.It discusses various strategies associated with crop tolerance to adverse environmental conditions and also highlights the role of agricultural intellectual property rights, along with the implications for plant patents, protection of farmers’ rights, and geographical indication in plant products, to provide a broader outlook toward strategies for sustainable agriculture and global food security associated with IPR. The chapters provide an overview of sustainable crop cultivation in traditional agriculture as well as with new biotechnological approaches.The volume explores several stress resilience strategies and issues for crops, considering how to mitigate the effect of increased carbon dioxide concentration, heavy metal pollution, over-salinized soils, and cold spells.It also discusses how to make desert farming more efficient; how to increase abiotic stress tolerance of crops with grafting, seed soaking/priming, soil amendment, and more. The chapters on agricultural intellectual property rights address IPR in conjunction with food security, the rights of farmers, legal applications and protection of plant patents, protection of traditional knowledge, international legal issues, and plant variety protection rights in agriculture and more.
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Intellectual Property, Innovation and Economic Inequality
While growing disparities in wealth and income are well-documented across the globe, the role of intellectual property rights is often overlooked.This volume brings together leading commentators from around the world to interrogate the interrelationship between intellectual property and economic inequality.Interdisciplinary and globally oriented by design, the book features economists, legal scholars, policy analysts, and other experts.Chapters address the impact of intellectual property rights on economic inequality, the effect of economic inequality on the protection and enforcement of these rights, and the potential use of innovation law and policy to help reduce economic inequality.The volume also tackles timely issues like race and gender disparities and the North-South divide in innovation.This book is available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
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The Economics of Innovation and Intellectual Property
The first comprehensive textbook covering all aspects of the economics of innovation and the role of intellectual property in encouraging or discouraging innovation. Innovation is widely viewed as the engine behind economic growth, and it has assumed increasing importance in contemporary economic research.In The Economics of Innovation and Intellectual Property, Bronwyn H.Hall and Christian Helmers introduce readers to the use of economic analysis for the understanding of technical change and the innovative process, its determinants, and consequences.The authors cover innovation basics, the measurement of returns to innovation for individuals and the economy, and the use of intellectual property protection by innovators.They focus on the various ways patents have been used by industry to secure returns to innovation, as well as the strategic use of patents, and they emphasize present-day technologies including pharmaceuticals, software, and AI.Clearly organized and accessible, The Economics of Innovation and Intellectual Property offers a useful introduction to economics, business, public policy, and legal studies, and provides a comprehensive collection of references and information from a variety of sources across disciplines.It also includes various boxes with definitions and examples, as well as a brief mathematical appendix explaining concepts that may be unfamiliar and an introduction to data sources.
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Intellectual Property Valuation and Innovation : Towards global harmonisation
With the recent global economic crisis, attitudes and practices in relation to intellectual property valuation are changing as exemplified by the dichotomy explained in this book, which makes it unique.While there has been a move towards global harmonisation in terms of valuation of both tangible and intangible assets that are based on innovation, there is also a tendency against global harmonisation because of cultural attitudes and practices of different countries.This can be seen most acutely in relation to intellectual property valuation in Asia, especially East Asia, which often differs from the West’s perception of valuation.The book is written by experts in intellectual property, valuation and innovation who are mainly practitioners covering innovators, marketers, accountants, social innovators and business and management academics.The breadth and practitioner background of most of the contributors make the material relevant to those involved in valuation, economics, business, management, accounting and finance, law and maritime insurance.This book takes an interdisciplinary approach that cross-cuts all the above-mentioned disciplines and takes the understanding of intellectual property valuation to a new level.
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How does rainwater from the neighboring property reach our property?
Rainwater from the neighboring property reaches our property through natural drainage patterns and the force of gravity. It may flow downhill or through the soil, eventually reaching our property boundaries. The topography of the land, such as slopes or depressions, can also influence the direction and flow of rainwater towards our property. Additionally, man-made structures like gutters, downspouts, or drainage systems on the neighboring property can direct rainwater towards our property.
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Should property owners have more responsibility for their own property?
Yes, property owners should have more responsibility for their own property. They should be accountable for maintaining their property to ensure the safety and well-being of others. This includes regular maintenance, repairs, and ensuring that their property meets all safety standards. By taking on more responsibility, property owners can contribute to creating a safer and more pleasant environment for everyone.
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Is the property tax levied twice when a property is divided?
No, the property tax is not levied twice when a property is divided. When a property is divided, the total property tax is apportioned based on the new assessed value of each divided parcel. Each new parcel will then be responsible for paying its own portion of the property tax based on its individual assessed value. Therefore, the property tax is not doubled, but rather divided among the new parcels based on their respective values.
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Does the party not pay property tax for the property community?
Yes, the party does not pay property tax for the property community. This is because property tax is typically paid by the individual property owners within the community, rather than by the community as a whole. Each property owner is responsible for paying property tax based on the assessed value of their individual property. Therefore, the party as a whole does not pay property tax for the entire community.
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Innovation in Music: Technology and Creativity
Innovation in Music: Technology and Creativity is a groundbreaking collection bringing together contributions from instructors, researchers, and professionals.Split into two sections, covering composition and performance, and technology and innovation, this volume offers truly international perspectives on ever-evolving practices. Including chapters on audience interaction, dynamic music methods, AI, and live electronic performances, this is recommended reading for professionals, students, and researchers looking for global insights into the fields of music production, music business, and music technology.
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Property
Few political ideas are as divisive and controversial for some – and yet taken for granted by others – as the ownership of private property.For its defenders, private ownership is a fundamental right that protects individual freedom and ensures wider economic benefits for the community; for its critics, by contrast, property is institutionalised theft, responsible for lamentable levels of inequality and poverty. In this book, Robert Lamb explores philosophical arguments deployed to conceptualise, justify, and criticise private property ownership.He introduces the radical case against property advanced by anarchist and socialist writers, before analysing some of the most important and influential arguments in its favour.Lamb explains and assesses the various defences of property rights advanced by Locke, Hume, Hegel, J.S. Mill, and Nozick. He then shows how theorists such as John Rawls and his followers encourage us to rethink the very nature of ownership in a democratic society. This engaging synthesis of historical and contemporary theories of property will be essential reading for students and scholars of political philosophy.
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Fashion and Environmental Sustainability : Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Technology
The wide range of topics that the book covers are organised into sections reflecting a cradle to grave view of how entrepreneurial, innovative, and tech-savvy approaches can advance environmental sustainability in the fashion sector.These sections include: sustainable materials; innovation in design, range planning and product development; sustainable innovations in fashion supply chains; sustainable innovations in fashion retail and marketing; sustainable alternatives for end-of-life and circular economy initiatives; and more sustainable alternative fashion business models.
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Property Tax in BRICS Megacities : Local Government Financing and Financial Sustainability
The overall objective of the book is to holistically assess the property tax systems in BRICS megacities.As megacities play a vital role within their respective countries – economically, administratively, and from a human development perspective – they experience the costs and benefits of urbanization simultaneously with major investment needs, rising poverty, and increasing congestion and pollution levels in the context of limited financial resources, raising the question for a suitable decentralized funding source.This book highlights the property tax as a means to help further improve the financial sustainability of megacities, the reliability and quality of their services, and megacities’ contribution to supporting economic growth.
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What are property taxes?
Property taxes are taxes imposed by local governments on real estate properties. The amount of tax owed is typically based on the assessed value of the property. Property taxes are used to fund local services such as schools, roads, and emergency services. Failure to pay property taxes can result in penalties, interest, and even the loss of the property through a tax sale.
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What is property 2?
Property 2 refers to the principle that the order in which numbers are added does not affect the sum. In other words, for any two numbers a and b, a + b = b + a. This property is known as the commutative property of addition and is a fundamental concept in mathematics. It allows us to rearrange the numbers in an addition problem without changing the final result.
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How is property released?
Property can be released through various legal processes, such as through a court order, a release deed, or a transfer of ownership. In the case of a court order, a judge may order the release of property based on a legal dispute or claim. A release deed is a legal document that transfers ownership of property from one party to another. Additionally, property can be released through a transfer of ownership, such as through a sale or gift. Each of these methods involves specific legal requirements and documentation to ensure the proper release of property.
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Is this property damage?
Yes, the broken window in the image is considered property damage. Property damage refers to any harm caused to someone else's property, such as vandalism, accidents, or natural disasters. In this case, the broken window is a clear example of physical damage to the property.
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